2018中国银行校招模拟题(英语部分)四

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　　Passage 2

　　Keeping the Zeal of a Startup as You Scale

　　There are many reasons that founder-led companies are so good at disrupting industries and making life miserable for show-moving incumbents. But perhaps the most powerful is that founders create great insurgencies. They ignore established industry rules and boundaries. They create better ways to solve old problems. They disdain anything that burs their focus on the front line. From top to bottom, they at war against the industry leaders on behalf underserved customers.

　　Our research on what we call the “founder‟s mentality” shows that maintaining a strong insurgent mission is critical to long-term, sustainable growth. But to compete long term, insurgent companies also need to develop scale and scope, which very often dulls their insurgent‟s zeal in many ways, this is because their perspective on the future slowly changes. Insurgents see the days ahead—both long and short term—as ripe with opportunity. They embrace change and chaos they invest in whatever it takes to innovate new solutions for customers. In comments, on the other hand, very often see the future as threat As leaders invested heavily in the status quo, innovation and disruption are not good for therm. Turbulence erodes profitability, innovation marginalizes

　　their current product offerings. The future is not better.

　　The companies that find a way to achieve scale without losing their insurgent mission---we call them “Scale Insurgents”--remain acutely alert to this difference in perspective. They actively fight back against the very natural tendency to retreat behind the castle walls to avoid future change and turbulence, instead, they do what in some companies might seem like heresy. They commit to disrupting their own insurgency. They know that acquiring the benefits of scale requires ruthless focus on a well-defined core business and a commitment to building the systems and processes to support it. But they aren‟t wedded to their business model—they are wedded to what will serve their customers best Rather than erecting defenses against the future, they embrace the notion of limitless horizons—the idea that a company can intelligently extend the boundaries of its core ever outward.

　　56. According to paragraph l, why are founder-led companies often con side red as “insurgents”?

　　A. Because they often get more supports from the customers.

　　B. Because they often damage the market order.

　　C. Because they often challenge the old companies in many ways.

　　D. Because they often make more money than old companies.

　　57. Which of the following is NOT a representation of startups‟ “rebellions”?

　　A. They are more concentrated and tend to stick to their goals.

　　B. They frequently defeat old companies in competitions.

　　C. They try figure out new ways to solve problems.

　　D. They do not follow existing rules.

　　58. What is main difference between an “insurgent” company and an “incumbent” company?

　　A. An insurgent company invests more in the future while an incumbent company invests more in the status quo.

　　B. An insurgent company prefers chaos to stability.

　　C. An insurgent company loves challenging the incumbent companies.

　　D. An insurgent company sees changes as opportunities while an incumbent company loves stability more.

　　59. The word “heresy” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ( ).

　　A. Surprising cat

　　B. Brilliant idea

　　C. Evil belief

　　D. Untraditional opinion

　　60. In the author‟s opinion, what is a “scale insurgents”?

　　A. A startup company that maintains its original quality in the process of scaling up.

　　B. An insurgent company that turned into an incumbent company.

　　C. An insurgent company that managed to make steady profits.

　　D. A startup company that succeeded in scaling up.

　　Passage 3

　　The federal government on Wednesday recommended an endangered-species listing for the loggerhead turtles in U.S. Waters, a decision that could lead to tighter restrictions on fishing and other maritime trades. Environmental groups who‟d been pushing an endangered listing said the proposal was a “turning point” they hope will lead to greater turtle protections.

　　“I think it‟s a huge day for loggerhead sea turtles,” said Beth Riff, a marine wildlife scientist at Oceana. “It really draws attention to the fact these turtles are not doing well and more needs to be done to protect them.” With all that attention to paid to them, you‟d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct, but Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness. No one really knows how many loggerheads there are, or how many are being killed by fishing gear or other activities. Riff cites a 40 percent drop in the number of nesting females in Florida over the last decade as evidence of trouble.

　　Loggerheads are named for their large heads, which contain potent jaws that can crush the hard shells of prey such as conch. The turtles are about the size of a fist when they hatch and make a frenzied dash to the surf. But they typically grow to more than three feet in length and 250 pounds. The animal can log thousands of miles as it travels across oceans.

　　Barbara Schroeder, national sea turtle coordinator for NOAA‟s fisheries division, said the biggest threats to the North Pacific loggerhead include damage to primary nesting sites, which are mainly in Japan, as well as accidental snaring of the turtles in fishing gear. Andrea Tee of San

　　Francisco-based Center for Biological Diversity said the turtles get hooked by Hawaiian long line fishermen targeting swordfish and tuna and can be injured or drowned. On the East Coast, the main threat to turtles is gear from the region‟s various fisheries Schroeder said.

　　A primary benefit of the endangered status would be increased public pressure on protecting the species, Riff said. But the government would also have to determine “critical habitats”, such as where the turtles reproduce or forage. Such places could be subject to additional protections for the turtles, including restrictions on maritime development or fishing.

　　Like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems, the narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.

　　61. It can be learned from the first paragraph that ( ).

　　A. human activities have changed the way turtles survive

　　B. efforts have been made to protect turtles from extinction

　　C. marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles‟ reproduction

　　D. government bureaucracy has contributed to decreasing number of turtles

　　62. What does the author mean by “nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” (Para.2)?

　　A. Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.

　　B. Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.

　　C. Course of nature will not be changed by human interference.

　　D. The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.

　　63. What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles on the east coast?

　　A. Contamination of sea water

　　B. The inadequate food supply

　　C Their lower reproductive ability

　　D. Unregulated commercial fishing

　　64. How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?

　　A. It threatens the sandy beaches on which sea turtles lay eggs.

　　B. The rising climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.

　　C. The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.

　　D. It takes them longer to adapt to the high temperature in the beach.

　　65. The last sentence of the passage is meant to ( ).

　　A. warn our descendants about the extinction of species

　　B. call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles‟ survival

　　C. persuade human beings to show more affection or turtles

　　D. stress that even the ugliest species should be protected
        解析:

　　56 【答案】C。细节题。题干：为什么创始人类型的公司通常被认定为是“反动派”。在文章第一段的后三句作者就提到，“他们忽视老公司建立的规则和界限，用新的方式来解决旧的问题...”，说明他们经常在很多方面挑战老的公司。其他选项在文段当中并没有提及。

　　57 【答案】B。是非题。题干：下列哪项不能代表创业公司反叛的特点。B 选项不符合，原文只提到他们经常挑战老的公司，不按老公司的规章制度办事，并没有说经常打败他们。其他选项均可在原文当中找到。

　　58 【答案】A。细节题。题干：“insurgent” company、incumbent” company 这两种公司之间的区别。根据第二段的 In comments, on the other hand, very often see the future as threat As leaders invested heavily in the status quo,可以推出 insurgent company 眼光放得更远，而incumbent companies 对当下投资的更多。原文并没有提到 incumbent company 更倾向于稳定stability，所以 B、D 都可以排除。C 选项没有明确两者之间的不同点，只是单方面的指出insurgent company 喜欢挑战老的公司，并没有进行对比。

　　59 【答案】D。含义题。Heresy 出现在最后一段的第四行，根据该词前面所讲的内容， 不像老的公司，insurgent company 并不喜欢习惯性地退缩到城堡内以回避未来发生的变化和波动，也就是说他们常常不按常理出牌，据此可以推出他们会做一些会让老的公司觉得不符合常理的事情，因此答案选 D。

　　60 【答案】A。态度观点题。题干：在作者看来，什么是 scale insurgents。该题可以采用排除法。首先可以排除B 和C 选项。原文已经说了 insurgent company 和incumbent company 是两种不同的公司，而且前者经常挑战后者，所以 insurgent company 不可能会转变成后者。

　　C 选项并不能突出insurgent company 和其他公司的区别。根据原文 The companies that find a way to achieve scale without losing their insurgent mission - we call them „Sales Insurgents‟，可知 Sales Insurgents 指的是那些在扩大规模的路上并没有放弃“反叛革命”的公司，A 项中的maintains its original quality 与原文中 without losing their insurgent mission 相呼应。故选A。

　　61 【答案】B。主旨题。选项B 是第一段第一句The federal government on Wednesday recommended an endangered-species listing for the loggerhead turtles in U.S. Waters, a decision that could lead to tighter restrictions on fishing and other maritime trades. 的同义替换。A 项人类活动改变了乌龟的生存方式;B 项联邦政府已经做出努力保护乌龟免受灭绝;C 项海洋生物

　　学家正在探索乌龟繁殖的秘密;D 项政府机关为减少乌龟数量作出了贡献。因此，本题选 B。

　　62 【答案】D。细节题。这句话的意思是，自然对人类的公平观念无动于衷。文章中这句话后面跟的No one really knows how many loggerheads there are, or how many are being killed by fishing gear or other activities. 可知虽然人类采取了保护措施，但是仍会有很多海龟死于渔业设备或人类其他一些活动。 A 项自然对海龟的生存相当公平。B 项海龟天生就对人类活动无动于衷。C 项自然之道不会因人类的干扰而改变。D 项尽管人类采取了保护措施， 海龟数量仍在减少。因此，本题选D。

　　63【. 答案】D。细节题。根据第四段 On the East Coast, the main threat to turtles is gear from

　　the region‟s various fisheries Schroeder said 可知本题选D。这句话的意思是“在东海岸，海龟最大的威胁是该地各种渔业的装备”。A 项海水污染;B 项不充足的食物供给;C 项繁殖能力低;D 项不规范的商业渔业。因此，本题选 D。

　　64【答案】A。细节题。根据第六段 the narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm 可知全球变暖会使得海平面上升，使得海龟下蛋的狭长海滩变小。A 项威胁海龟下单的沙砾海滩。B 项上升的气温使得孵蛋变得困难。C 项上升的海平面使得幼崽很难长大。D 项这将花费他们更多的时间来适应高温度。因此，本题选A。

　　65【答案】C。含义题。文章的最后一句话“最后我们必须处理这些问题，不然比恐龙历史更悠久的动物也会毁在人类手中。让我们的后代去惊叹这么丑的生物也会受到人类如此的喜爱!”意在劝告人们去喜爱海龟。A 项警告我们的子孙后代关于物种灭绝的问题。B 项号召有效的措施保护海龟的生存。C 项劝告人类对海龟多点喜爱。D 项强调即便是最丑的物种也应该受到保护。因此，本题选C。